What do you call the horizontal framing member that supports the weight over a basement window opening?

The horizontal framing member that supports the weight over a basement window opening is known as a header. A header is specifically designed to carry the loads from above, redistributing them around the opening, which is essential for maintaining the structural integrity of a building.

In the case of a basement window, when the wall is framed, the header is placed across the top of the window opening. It transfers the weight of the wall above, including any loads from the roof or upper stories, to the vertical studs on either side of the window. This function is crucial for preventing structural issues such as sagging or cracking around the window area.

Other terms such as a lintel, sill plate, or beam may refer to different components in construction. For instance, a lintel is often a similar component used to support openings but is commonly associated with masonry walls rather than framed structures. A sill plate is the horizontal piece of wood that sits on top of the foundation and serves as the base for the wall framing. A beam, generally larger and more robust, is used to support heavier loads across greater spans and is not specific to window openings. Consequently, header is the appropriate term in the context of supporting a basement window.