What does the coefficient of thermal conductivity (k) measure?

The coefficient of thermal conductivity (k) measures the ability of a material to conduct heat. Specifically, it quantifies the rate at which heat can pass through a unit thickness of the material for a given temperature gradient. A higher coefficient indicates that the material is more effective at transferring heat, while a lower coefficient suggests better insulating properties. This is fundamental in understanding how different materials respond to temperature changes and influences choices made in construction, insulation, and HVAC system design to achieve energy efficiency and comfort in buildings.

Understanding thermal conductivity is crucial in selecting materials for various applications, as it helps designers ensure that heat transfer is appropriately managed, whether for insulation or heat distribution purposes.